SAT Reading & Writing Practice Test 1 (Module 2)

The migratory behavior of certain bird species enhances its survival during harsh weather conditions. Ornithologist Dr. Sarah Johnson and her team found in their 2021 study that these birds accomplish this ____ by sensing changes in the Earth’s magnetic field. This enables them to navigate long distances and find suitable habitats with abundant food sources.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Considering the extreme temperatures and hostile conditions of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, scientists have long puzzled over the discovery of diverse and thriving ecosystems around these vent sites. The enigmatic nature of these ecosystems has left researchers without a definitive _______ explanation. However, marine biologists Dr. Maria Rodriguez and Dr. James Anderson made significant progress in understanding these ecosystems by using advanced imaging technology and deep-sea exploration to uncover the complex interactions between microbes and specialized organisms that sustain life in this seemingly inhospitable environment.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Research conducted by psychologist Dr. Emily Martinez explores the intriguing link between weather patterns and decision-making in the workplace. In her study, she analyzed data from various industries over a five-year period, investigating how different weather conditions influenced managers’ financial decisions. Dr. Martinez discovered a fascinating correlation between rainy weather and risk aversion. When managers were exposed to prolonged periods of rain during the weeks leading up to important financial decisions, they tended to adopt a more cautious approach. This was evident in their conservative earnings forecasts and business strategies, reflecting a tendency to play it safe during uncertain times.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

In the field of wildlife conservation, biologist Dr. Patel embarked on a mission to protect endangered species and their habitats. During her research, she noticed that some animal calls and behaviors were challenging for automated recording systems to detect accurately, but trained field biologists had no trouble identifying them. Inspired by this observation, Dr. Patel developed a novel method to safeguard wildlife reserves from illegal poaching and human intrusion. She created a specialized security test that required users to distinguish between authentic animal calls and background noises in audio recordings. This innovative test not only helped keep poachers and intruders at bay but also contributed valuable data to her ongoing research on wildlife populations and behavior.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

In the realm of culinary artistry, the renowned chef Julia Simmons wields her knife with skill, conjuring delights of joy and satisfaction with every dish she crafts. With a keen understanding of the human palate, she delves into the hearts and minds of those who taste her creations, evoking memories and emotions reminiscent of cherished moments. Just as a seasoned botanist deciphers the language of flowers, Julia reads the flavors and aromas of ingredients, blending them harmoniously into culinary symphonies. Even the most delicate of broths and sauces respond to her culinary command, as she summons forth the essence of flavors with a mere touch of her spatula.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Text 1:

Early childhood education plays a crucial role in a child’s development and lays the foundation for future learning. Research shows that children who receive quality early education are more likely to perform better academically and have improved social and emotional skills. It helps promote language development, cognitive abilities, and problem-solving skills at a critical stage of brain development. Furthermore, early education provides a supportive environment for children to explore and discover their interests, fostering a lifelong love for learning. Investing in early childhood education is not only beneficial for individual children but also for society as a whole, as it leads to better educational outcomes and reduces disparities in academic achievement.

Text 2:

While early childhood education is widely recognized for its potential benefits, it is essential to acknowledge its limitations and potential challenges. Critics argue that an excessive focus on formal education at a young age may lead to stress and pressure on young children. Some children may not be developmentally ready for structured learning, and early academic pressures could hinder their natural curiosity and creativity. Moreover, the quality of early childhood education programs varies significantly, and not all children have access to high-quality learning environments. Socioeconomic disparities can further exacerbate unequal educational opportunities, perpetuating existing inequalities. To fully harness the benefits of early childhood education, it is crucial to address these challenges and ensure that all children have equal access to quality learning experiences.

Which choice best describes how Text 1 and Text 2 relate to each other?

Text 1:

Astronomers have long puzzled over the coexistence of multiple galaxies in the universe, each containing billions of stars and vast cosmic structures. According to traditional theories, gravitational forces should eventually lead to the merging of galaxies, resulting in the dominance of a single, larger galaxy. However, observations have shown that numerous galaxies coexist in close proximity, raising questions about the mechanisms that maintain their separate identities and prevent complete assimilation.

Text 2:

Astronomer Sarah Turner and her team propose a novel explanation for the persistence of multiple galaxies in close proximity. They suggest that the vast distances between galaxies create a sparse and gravitationally diluted environment. The immense cosmic voids between galaxies hinder their ability to interact directly, reducing the frequency of galaxy mergers. In this vast cosmic expanse, direct gravitational competition occurs less frequently than previously assumed, allowing multiple galaxies to persist over time.

Which choice best describes a difference in how the author of Text 1 view Astronomer Sarah Turner’s proposal in Text 2?

In a groundbreaking research study, psychologist Dr. Lisa Thompson investigated the effects of ambient noise levels on decision-making in the workplace. Utilizing data collected from various companies over a span of five years, Dr. Thompson’s team analyzed the correlation between noise exposure and the accuracy of financial forecasts made by managers. The findings were intriguing: managers who were exposed to higher levels of ambient noise in their work environment tended to make more conservative forecasts, while those in quieter settings exhibited a greater inclination towards optimistic predictions. This research sheds light on how external environmental factors, such as noise levels, can influence decision-makers’ behavior and perceptions of future outcomes.

Based on the passage, how did managers in quieter settings tend to make financial forecasts?

In the field of wildlife conservation, biologist Dr. Sarah Walker embarked on a mission to protect endangered species and their habitats. During her research, she noticed that certain animal calls and behaviors were challenging for automated recording systems to detect accurately, but trained field biologists had no trouble identifying them. Inspired by this observation, Dr. Walker developed a novel method to safeguard wildlife reserves from illegal poaching and human intrusion. She created a specialized security test that required users to distinguish between authentic animal calls and background noises in audio recordings. This innovative test not only helped keep poachers and intruders at bay but also contributed valuable data to her ongoing research on wildlife populations and behavior.

According to the text, why did Dr. Sarah Walker develop a specialized security test for wildlife reserves?

“Reflections of the Soul” is a contemporary poem by Maya Johnson. In this poetic work, Johnson addresses the readers directly, implying that they have yet to fully comprehend the complexity and depth of their own emotions and experiences. Through vivid imagery and evocative language, the poet encourages introspection, urging the readers to delve into the recesses of their minds and hearts. She emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and self-acceptance, portraying it as a transformative journey towards self-discovery.

Which quotation from “Reflections of the Soul” most effectively illustrates the Maya’s emphasis on “the importance of self-awareness and self-acceptance, portraying it as a transformative journey towards self-discovery”?

The melting of the Arctic Sea ice is a serious problem having a number of negative impacts on the Arctic region. The impacts of climate change are already being felt in the Arctic and they are only going to get worse in the future. It is important to take action to address climate change in order to protect the Arctic region and the people who live there. The chart shows the average temperature of the Arctic Sea ice from 1980 to 2023. The line graph shows that the average temperature has been decreasing over time, __________.

Average monthly sea ice extent in the Northern Hemisphere from January 1980 to May 2023

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

The researchers’ claim that retail sales of clothing, footwear, and leather goods in the United States have been growing steadily in recent years. This growth is likely to continue in the future, driven by a number of factors. One factor is the increasing disposable income of consumers. As consumers have more money to spend, they are more likely to purchase clothing, footwear, and leather goods. Another factor is the growing popularity of online shopping. Consumers can now easily and conveniently shop for clothing, footwear, and leather goods from the comfort of their own homes. Finally, the increasing demand for fashionable and stylish clothing and footwear is also driving the growth of the retail market for these products. Consumers are looking for clothing and footwear that makes them look good and feel confident.

Number of specialized stores for the retail sale of clothing, footwear and leather goods in the European Union (27 countries) from 2011 to 2020

Which choice best describes data from the table that support the researchers’ claim?

In the heart of a dense and ancient forest, a symphony of life unfolds with each passing day. Towering trees stretch their limbs toward the heavens, their leaves whispering tales of forgotten ages. Among the emerald foliage, an array of vibrant creatures dance through the undergrowth, each playing a role in the intricate web of life that thrives in this natural sanctuary. The forest floor teems with life, bustling with insects of all sizes scurrying about their daily tasks. From the tiniest ants to the majestic beetles, they toil tirelessly, their endeavors essential to the forest’s delicate balance. These miniature architects shape the soil, aerating it and recycling organic matter, while also ___________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Among the diverse wonders that adorn our planet, coral reefs stand as mesmerizing underwater ecosystems that captivate both scientists and nature enthusiasts. These intricate and vibrant communities, composed of corals, fish, and a plethora of marine species, create an otherworldly spectacle beneath the waves. However, coral reefs face an unprecedented threat—coral bleaching. This phenomenon, linked to rising ocean temperatures, poses a grave danger to the delicate balance of these marine sanctuaries, ___________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

When exploring the literary works of renowned author Maria Santiago, it is common for critics to highlight her incorporation of Western influences into her storytelling. However, what often goes unnoticed is Santiago’s profound connection to her native Latin American heritage and her deep engagement with its rich artistic traditions, such as magical realism. Throughout her literary career, ___________, blending the fantastical with the realistic in her narratives. While some critics praise her use of Western literary techniques, they may overlook the subtle nods to Latin American folklore, where myths and legends seamlessly intertwine with everyday life.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In the early 2000s, an innovative engineer named Alan Chambers faced a daunting challenge when his tech startup was on the verge of collapse. Seeking a way to revitalize the company, he turned to his childhood friend and creative strategist, Emily Collins, for advice. Drawing inspiration from their shared passion for interactive storytelling, Emily _________ an ingenious transformation for the company’s struggling virtual reality platform.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Throughout history, the captivating art of origami has mesmerized people around the world. The ancient Japanese tradition of folding paper into intricate shapes and figures ____________ time, with its origins dating back centuries. Surprisingly, there is no definitive evidence that origami is indigenous to Japan, leading scholars to speculate about its mysterious origins.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In the realm of contemporary art, renowned painter and illustrator Mia Hernandez finds inspiration in the works of iconic surrealist Salvador Dali. With a masterful brush and vivid imagination, she weaves elements of Dali’s dreamlike landscapes and melting clocks into her own original creations ____________ that pay homage to the surrealist master.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In a small, quaint town, the summer festival brought joy and laughter to the streets. Families and friends gathered together for fun-filled activities, like face-painting and balloon-animal making. The locals – ever-friendly and welcoming – organized a community potluck, where everyone shared their delicious, home-cooked dishes. The festival-goers couldn’t help but feel a sense of togetherness and camaraderie as they danced and sang under the star-lit sky. It was a truly unforgettable night, and the memories created ____________ would linger for years to come.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

As the sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm, golden glow over the picturesque landscape, the couple strolled hand in hand along the sandy beach. The gentle waves whispered sweet nothings to the shore, while seagulls soared gracefully in the evening sky. This serene moment captured the essence of their love: a timeless bond of laughter, shared dreams, and unconditional support. With each passing second, their hearts beat in harmony, knowing that this fleeting moment would forever be etched in their memories_____________.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Engrossed in the captivating world of marine biodiversity, a dedicated student embarks on a research journey, meticulously documenting the following fascinating notes:

• The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system, stretching over 2,300 kilometers along the northeastern coast of Australia.
• This natural wonder is a biodiverse haven, home to an astounding variety of marine life, including over 1,500 species of fish and around 400 species of coral.
• The Great Barrier Reef’s significance transcends its immense beauty, as it provides habitat and shelter to a myriad of marine species, some of which are endangered or threatened.
• Apart from its ecological importance, the reef system plays a crucial role in supporting Australia’s tourism industry, attracting visitors from across the globe who wish to witness its breathtaking splendor.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize the relative size of the Reef’s diversity?

As the student immerses himself in the captivating world of art and creativity, he embarks on a research journey, carefully documenting the following intriguing notes:

• Renowned artists Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are credited with creating numerous masterpieces during the Italian Renaissance.
• Despite being credited as the creators of many artworks, it is believed that some works attributed to Leonardo or Michelangelo might have been the collaborative efforts of both artists.
• The exact authorship of certain parts of these masterpieces has been a subject of historical debate, with art historians and experts scrutinizing brushstrokes and stylistic elements to unravel the mysteries behind their creation.
• In the pursuit of shedding light on these artistic enigmas, scholars such as Dr. Elena Martinez and Dr. Alessio Bianchi have utilized advanced art analysis techniques to analyze the content and style of Leonardo and Michelangelo’s works.
• Through rigorous analysis and comparison, they have uncovered intriguing patterns and similarities in brushwork and artistic expression, providing valuable insights into the collaborative nature of some masterpieces.

The student wants to make a generalization about the kind of work created by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London in September 1666.
• The fire burned for three days, destroying over 13,000 homes and 87 churches.
• It is estimated that only 6 people died in the fire, leaving over 70,000 people homeless.
• The fire was caused by a baker’s oven that was left unattended.
• The rebuilding of London after the fire led to the creation of the modern city we know today, with wide streets and brick buildings replacing the narrow, wooden structures of the past.

The student wants to emphasize the uniqueness of the modern city creation. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires immediate attention. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, are major contributors to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. _______, natural factors, like volcanic eruptions and solar radiation, also play a role in influencing the Earth’s climate.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The implications of quantum entanglement continue to baffle even the most brilliant minds in the field of physics. Scientists have conducted numerous experiments that confirm the phenomenon’s existence and its non-local nature. However, there are still many unanswered questions about the underlying mechanisms and the full extent of its applications. _______, recent advancements in experimental techniques have allowed researchers to delve deeper into this enigmatic property of quantum mechanics.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The debate over the origins of the universe has been a contentious topic among scientists for centuries. Some have proposed the Big Bang theory, suggesting that the universe began from a singular, immensely dense point and has been expanding ever since. Others, _______, advocate for alternative theories, such as the Steady State model, positing that the universe has always existed in a constant state without a specific beginning.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The quest for artificial general intelligence (AGI) has captivated the minds of computer scientists and researchers worldwide. AGI, often referred to as “strong AI,” is a theoretical form of artificial intelligence that possesses the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge in a manner akin to human cognition. While significant progress has been made in narrow AI, which excels at specific tasks, the development of AGI remains an elusive goal. _________, recent breakthroughs in machine learning algorithms have reignited hope and accelerated research in this field.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?